Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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What is the
function of the structure labeled C? a. | To produce ribosomes | c. | To generate energy | b. | To suspend
organelles | d. | To maintain
homeostasis | | | | |
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2.
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What is the
main difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote? a. | The need for
nutrients | c. | Organelles | b. | Plasma membranes | d. | Algae | | | | |
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3.
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Which of the
following organisms does NOT have a cell wall? a. | Plant | c. | Bacteria | b. | Human | d. | Fungi | | | | |
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4.
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What happens
after ribosomes pass into the cytoplasm? a. | They pass through the nuclear envelope. | b. | They attach to rough
areas of endoplasmic reticulum. | c. | They copy DNA. | d. | They sort and
distribute proteins to cell organelles. | | |
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5.
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A thermostat
maintains the temperature of a room at a given level. What cell process is similar to
this? a. | Homeostasis | c. | Food
storage | b. | Energy production | d. | Protein modification | | | | |
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6.
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The National
Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) has a command center in Houston, Texas, that directs space
missions. Which part of a cell is analogous to this command center? a. | Plasma
membrane | c. | Mitochondria | b. | Nucleus | d. | Vacuole | | | | |
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7.
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Which of the
following describes the nitrogen base in this nucleotide? a. | a straight
chain | c. | a ring
structure | b. | a branched chain | d. | a macromolecule | | | | |
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8.
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Which of the
following best describes the role of RNA molecules that form in the nucleus when DNA is
copied? a. | RNA molecules are
messengers that carry the code from the DNA to the ribosomes. | b. | RNA molecules are
responsible for the genetic code. | c. | RNA molecules attach to ribosomes. | d. | RNA molecules determine
how an organism looks and acts. | | |
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9.
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If a strand
of DNA had bases in the following order—ATCCGTC, what would be the order of the bases in the
other strand of DNA? a. | ATCCGTC | c. | GAGGCAT | b. | TAGGCAG | d. | GCTTACT | | | | |
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10.
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Which of the
following statements is true? a. | The nitrogen bases that make up the DNA nucleotides of plants are much
different from the bases found in animals. | b. | The more closely related two organisms are, the more alike the order
of their DNA nucleotides. | c. | Changes in genes do not affect any of the traits of an
individual. | d. | A given sequence of bases can result in a number of different amino
acids. | | |
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11.
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Which of
these processes does NOT require DNA replication? a. | mitosis | c. | cell division | b. | meiosis | d. | cell
growth | | | | |
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12.
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This
molecule plays a major role in which of the following processes? a. | replication | c. | mitosis | b. | meiosis | d. | translation | | | | |
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13.
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What kind of
genetic mutation is shown in the art below?
a. | chromosomal
inversion | c. | deletion | b. | point mutation | d. | chromosomal translocation | | | | |
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14.
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Which of the
following is most likely to occur among people with the genetic disorder cystic
fibrosis? a. | impaired
circulation | c. | blindness | b. | frequent lung infections | d. | obesity | | | | |
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15.
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What is
nondisjunction? a. | failure of genes to be
passed on to future generations | b. | a mutation most often caused by environmental
factors | c. | failure of chromosomes to separate properly during
meiosis | d. | a duplication of genes on a chromosome | | |
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16.
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Why are
mutations important? a. | They are always passed on to future
generations. | b. | They are often random events. | c. | They only occur in sex
cells. | d. | Variation that results from mutations is fundamental to the evolution
of a species. | | |
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Huntington’s disease is a lethal genetic disorder caused by a dominant gene. The
nervous system of a person with Huntington’s disease undergoes progressive degeneration, which
results in uncontrolled, jerky movements of the head and limbs and eventual mental deterioration. The
onset of this disease usually occurs between the ages of 30 and 50. Each child of a parent affected
with Huntington’s disease has a 50 percent chance of being affected and a 50 percent chance of
passing the defective gene on to his or her own child. Currently, no effective treatment exists for
this disease.
The diagram below is a
typical pedigree for Huntington’s disease. A pedigree is a graphic representation that shows
patterns of inheritance. The circles represent females; the squares represent males. Shaded shapes
indicate affected individuals. Mating occurred between individuals connected by short, horizontal
lines.
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17.
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Based on the
statement and the art above, why can Huntington’s disease be passed unknowingly to future
generations? a. | Only one parent must be
a carrier in order for the gene to be inherited. | b. | The onset of the
disease often occurs after a carrier has had children. | c. | It is a lethal
disease. | d. | It affects the central nervous system. | | |
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18.
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Which of the
following statements best summarizes the information in the diagram? a. | The female in the first
generation was the carrier of the gene. | b. | The trait is found in every generation and is equally distributed
among males and females. | c. | The trait is more common in females than in the males of the
family. | d. | Females in the second generation were not affected by the disease and
thus, were unable to pass it on to their children. | | |
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19.
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Using the
art above, what is the phenotype of each parent? a. | both dominant | c. | one dominant and one recessive | b. | both
recessive | d. | unable to tell from the
square | | | | |
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20.
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A plant
species is observed to have red, yellow, white, pink, or purple flowers. What type of inheritance is
shown by this plant? a. | incomplete dominance | c. | codominance | b. | polygenic inheritance | d. | simple inheritance | | | | |
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21.
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Which of the
following is the larger classification of organisms? a. | Species | c. | Family | b. | Genus | d. | Order | | | | |
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22.
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An organism
lacks a true nucleus and lives in a hot sulfur spring. What kingdom does it belong
to? a. | Eubacteria | c. | Protista | b. | Archaebacteria | d. | Fungi | | | | |
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23.
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A student is
viewing some cells under a microscope. How might she determine whether they are plant or animal
cells? a. | Animal cells are larger
than plant cells. | c. | Only plant cells have
cell walls. | b. | Only animal cells have nuclei. | d. | Only animal cells have chromosomes. | | | | |
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