Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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Robert Koch | In the nineteenth century Robert Koch
scientifically investigated the transmission of diseases. He proposed a procedure that would enable a
person to determine if a specific microorganism caused a given disease. The first four steps of this
procedure are listed below:
1. Microbes
must be isolated from an infected host organism.
2. The isolated
microbes are then grown in a pure culture.
3. The microbes
from the pure culture are injected into a new host.
4. If the new
host contracts the disease, the microbes must be isolated from the new host and grown in a new
culture.
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1.
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What
final step should be taken to prove that these specific microbes cause the given
disease? a. | Mix the microbes
from the new and old cultures. | b. | Inject diseased organisms with the microbes from the new
culture. | c. | Compare the original microbes with the microbes in the new
culture. | d. | Inject an organism immune to the disease with microbes from the
new culture. | | |
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Freezing
Solutions | The freezing temperature of pure water is 0°C. A group of
students performed an experiment to see if the solutions made by adding various types and amounts of
solids to water had different freezing temperatures than pure water. The students dissolved various
amounts of four different solids in 1,000 grams of water and then measured the freezing temperatures
of the resultant solutions (see table below).
| Freezing Temperatures of
Solutions | | | | Solid
Added | | | | Grams of Solid
added to
1,000 g Water | Cesium Chloride | Sodium Chloride | Calcium Chloride | Sodium Hydroxide | | | | 50 | –1.0°C | –2.9°C | –2.2°C | –4.4°C | | | | 100 | –1.9°C | –5.9°C | –5.1°C | –9.3°C | | | | 150 | –2.7°C | –9.0°C | –8.7°C | –15.0°C | | | | 200 | –3.6°C | –12.6°C | –13.2°C | — | | | | Note: a dash (-) indicates that
the students did not perform this trial. | | | | | | | | |
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2.
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Which
of the following graphs best represents the freezing temperature data for the cesium chloride
solution shown in the table?
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3.
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If
the students added 250 g of calcium chloride to 1,000 g of water, the freezing temperature of this
solution would most likely be between a. | –2.0°C and –5.1°C. | c. | –8.8°C and –13.2°C. | b. | –5.3°C and –8.7°C. | d. | –13.3°C and –18.5°C. | | | | |
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4.
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Sodium hydroxide is very reactive. If some of the sodium hydroxide solution splattered
onto their hands during the experiment, the students should have a. | wiped it off
with a dry towel. | b. | washed it off with a large amount of
water. | c. | immediately covered it with a bandage and kept the spot
warm. | d. | done nothing because the sodium hydroxide was already
neutralized by the water. | | |
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The
table below show the results of an experiment with bread molds.
Bread Mold Experiment | Conditions | Amount of
mold after
two
weeks | Temp. (°C) | Humidity | 0 | | Low | None | 0 | | High | None | 5.5 | | Low | Small
amount | 5.5 | | High | Medium
amount | 25.5 | | Low | Medium
amount | 25.5 | | High | Large
amount | | | | |
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5.
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According to the data, what are the best conditions for growing
mold? a. | cold temperature
and low humidity | c. | warm temperature
and low humidity | b. | cold temperature and high
humidity | d. | warm temperature
and high humidity | | | | |
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6.
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Which
of these conditions may prevent mold from growing? a. | low
humidity | c. | warm
temperatures | b. | high humidity | d. | freezing temperatures | | | | |
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7.
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How
could confidence in the results of the experiment be increased? a. | Several kinds of
bread could be tested. | b. | Several brands of bread could be
tested. | c. | The experiment could be repeated with dry
toast. | d. | The experiment could be repeated without any
changes. | | |
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Composting |
As part of a class exercise on composting, two students constructed
identical worm bins (containers), which they kept at their homes. Red worms were then added to the
bins. Both students counted the number of red worms in their bins on the first of the month. The
results are shown in the graph below. | |
A worm bin should
be kept between 12°C and 25°C and 2.5 kg of food should be added to a bin each week.
Student 1 followed these requirements exactly. During December, Student 2 left town for three weeks;
during March, the temperature in Student 2's worm bin reached
30°C.
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8.
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It
was hypothesized that there was a maximum number of red worms that could survive in the worm
bins.
Is this hypothesis supported by the data in the
graph? a. | Yes, because the
number of red worms in Student 1’s bin remained fairly constant between December and
May. | b. | Yes, because the
number of red worms in Student 2’s bin continued to increase between September and
May. | c. | No, because the
number of red worms in Student 1’s bin decreased between December and
May. | d. | No, because the
number of red worms in Student 2’s bin decreased between December and
January. | | |
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9.
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What would a
researcher use to show comparisons between variables? a. | Hypothesis | c. | Word-processing
program | b. | Conclusion | d. | Graph | | | | |
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10.
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A toy race
track is analogous to which of the following? a. | Photographic slide | c. | Research paper | b. | Model | d. | Computer | | | | |
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Animal | Length of digestive system | Diet
category | Animal weight | Koala | 305 cm | herbivore | 10 kg | Dog | 135 cm | carnivore | 11 kg | Rabbit | 272 cm | herbivore | 9 kg | Bobcat | 145 cm | carnivore | 12 kg | | | | |
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11.
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Herbivores
are animals that eat plants. Carnivores are animals that eat other animals. The table shows data
about several herbivores and carnivores. What conclusion can you draw from the data? a. | There is no correlation
between diet and length of digestive system. | b. | Herbivores have longer
digestive systems than carnivores. | c. | Carnivores have longer digestive systems than
herbivores. | d. | The length of the digestive system is related to the weight of an
animal. | | |
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Pollution is
the introduction of non-native, harmful substances into an environment. Oil is considered a pollutant
when it enters oceans. A pollutant is a substance that causes damage to organisms by interfering with
life processes. The graph shows the percentage of different sources of oil that enter the oceans each
year.
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12.
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What can you
infer from the data in the graph? a. | More accidents occur on land than at sea. | b. | Offshore mining
accounts for as much oil pollution as gas and oil drillin |
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