Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Chemistry is defined as the study of the composition and structure of materials
and a. | the categories
of matter. | c. | the electrical
currents in matter. | b. | the changes in matter. | d. | molecules in living things. | | | | |
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2.
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Chemical properties a. | include changes of state of a
substance. | b. | include mass and color. | c. | include changes
that alter the identity of a substance. | d. | can be observed without altering the identity of a
substance. | | |
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3.
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Two
features that distinguish matter are a. | mass and velocity. | c. | mass and volume. | b. | weight and
velocity. | d. | weight and
volume. | | | | |
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4.
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An
example of an extensive physical property is a. | mass. | c. | color. | b. | density. | d. | boiling
point. | | | | |
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5.
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A
chemical change occurs when a. | dissolved minerals solidify to form a
crystal. | b. | ethanol is purified through
distillation. | c. | salt deposits form from evaporated sea
water. | d. | a leaf changes color. | | |
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6.
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A
physical change occurs when a a. | peach spoils. | c. | bracelet turns your wrist green. | b. | copper bowl
tarnishes. | d. | glue gun melts a
glue stick. | | | | |
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7.
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The
state of matter in which a material has definite shape and definite volume is the a. | liquid
state. | c. | gaseous
state. | b. | solid state. | d. | vaporous state. | | | | |
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8.
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The
homogeneous mixture in the illustration above is in container
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9.
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The
reason for organizing, analyzing, and classifying data is a. | so that
computers can be used. | b. | to prove a law. | c. | to find
relationships among the data. | d. | to separate qualitative and quantitative
data. | | |
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10.
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Which
of the following observations is quantitative? a. | The liquid turns blue litmus paper
red. | c. | The liquid
tastes bitter. | b. | The liquid boils at 100ºC. | d. | The liquid is cloudy. | | | | |
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11.
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A
theory is best described as a a. | series of experimental observations. | b. | generalization
that explains a body of known facts or phenomena. | c. | scientifically
proven fact. | d. | testable statement. | | |
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12.
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A
true statement about mass is that a. | mass is often measured with a spring
scale. | b. | mass is expressed in pounds. | c. | as the force of
Earth's gravity on an object increases, the object's mass increases. | d. | mass is
determined by comparing the mass of an object with a set of standard masses that are part of a
balance. | | |
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13.
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To
determine density, the quantities that must be measured are a. | mass and
weight. | c. | volume and
concentration. | b. | volume and weight. | d. | volume and mass. | | | | |
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14.
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The
density of aluminum is 2.70 g/cm3. The volume of a solid piece of aluminum is 1.50
cm3. Find its mass. a. | 1.50 g | c. | 2.70 g | b. | 1.80
g | d. | 4.05
g | | | | |
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15.
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The
density of pure diamond is 3.5 g/cm3. The mass of a diamond is 0.25 g. Find its
volume. a. | 0.071
cm3 | c. | 3.5
cm3 | b. | 0.875 cm3 | d. | 14 cm3 | | | | |
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16.
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0.25
g is equivalent to a. | 250 kg. | c. | 0.025 mg. | b. | 250
mg. | d. | 0.025
kg. | | | | |
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17.
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If 1
inch equals 2.54 cm, how many centimeters equal 1 yard? a. | 0.07
cm | c. | 36
cm | b. | 14.17
cm | d. | 91.4
cm | | | | |
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18.
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A
measurement is said to have good precision if it a. | agrees closely with an accepted
standard. | b. | agrees closely with other measurements of the same
quantity. | c. | has a small number of significant
figures. | d. | has a large number of significant
figures. | | |
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19.
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If
some measurements agree closely but differ widely from the actual value, these measurements
are a. | neither precise
nor accurate. | b. | accurate, but not precise. | c. | acceptable as a
new standard of accuracy. | d. | precise, but not accurate. | | |
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20.
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These
values were obtained as the mass of products from the same reaction: 8.83 g; 8.84 g; 8.82 g. The
known mass of products from that reaction is 8.60 g. The values are a. | accurate. | c. | both accurate
and precise. | b. | precise. | d. | neither accurate nor precise. | | | | |
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Mass Data of
Sample | | | Trial 1 | Trial 2
| Trial 3 | Trial 4 | Student A | 1.43
g | 1.52 g | 1.47 g | 1.42
g | Student
B | 1.43 g | 1.40 g | 1.46
g | 1.44 g | Student C | 1.54
g | 1.56 g | 1.58 g | 1.50
g | Student
D | 0.86 g | 1.24 g | 1.52
g | 1.42 g | | | | | |
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21.
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Four
students each measured the mass of one 1.43 g sample four times. The results in the table above
indicate that the data collected by ____ reflect the greatest accuracy and
precision. a. | Student
A | c. | Student
C | b. | Student
B | d. | Student
D | | | | |
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22.
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To
two significant figures, the measurement 0.0255 g should be reported as a. | 0.02
g. | c. | 0.026
g. | b. | 0.025
g. | d. | 2.5 ´ 102
g. | | | | |
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23.
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The
number of significant figures in the measurement 0.000 305 kg is
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24.
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Using
a metric ruler with 1 mm divisions, you find the sides of a rectangular piece of plywood are 3.54 cm
and 4.85 cm. You calculate that the area is 17.1690 cm2. To the correct number of
significant figures, the result should be expressed as a. | 17.1
cm2. | c. | 17.17
cm2. | b. | 17.169 cm2. | d. | 17.2 cm2. | | | | |
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25.
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All
of the following are properties of antimony. Which one is not a physical
property?
a. | It is a solid at room
temperature.
| c. | It burns in an
atmosphere of chlorine. | b. | It has both yellow and gray forms (allotropes) in the solid
state.
| d. | It is one of
the few substances that expands upon freezing.
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26.
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Which
statement is false?
a. | All samples of a particular pure substance have the same
composition and properties.
| c. | Different
mixtures of the same two substances can have different compositions. | b. | A compound is a
substance that can be decomposed by chemical means into simpler
substances.
| d. | An example of a
heterogeneous mixture is one prepared by dissolving the solid, sodium chloride (table salt), in the
liquid, water.
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27.
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Trying to identify a sample of a pure substance, a student makes the following
observations:
I. It has a mass of 5400 g.
II. It is
10. cm long, 10. cm wide, and its height is 20. cm.
III. It is a
shiny solid at room temperature.
IV. It dissolves in hydrochloric
acid.
V. It melts at
660oC.
VI. It is a good conductor of
electricity.
Which response includes all of these observations that,
individually or in combination, would be helpful in identifying the substance of which the
sample is composed?
a. | I, II, III, IV, V, and VI
| c. | I, III, IV, and V
| b. | II, IV, V, and
VI
| d. | III and
IV
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Short Answer
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28.
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In
one experiment, magnesium metal is melted. In a second experiment, magnesium metal is burned.
Classify the change in each experiment as chemical or physical. Explain your reasoning.
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29.
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Distinguish between mass and weight.
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30.
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Distinguish between precision and accuracy.
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31.
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Record the following measurements in the correct sig figs.
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32.
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The
statement, "Osmium has a density of 22.59 g/mL, which makes it the densest element known"
is an example of? :Explain
· a
theory
·
an
experimental observation
·
a
hypothesis
·
a
law
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33.
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A
blue crystalline material is heated strongly in a test tube. A clear liquid condenses around the
mouth of the tube and the crystals gradually lose their blue color and become white powder. Every
gram of blue crystal produces 0.36 g of clear liquid and 0.64 g of colorless powder. The same weight
relationships are observed for samples of the crystals taken from many different sources. These
observations are consistent with the hypothesis that the blue crystals are: Justify your
choice.
·
an
element
·
a
solution
·
a
compound
·
a
heterogeneous mixture
·
a
wet salt
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Problem
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34.
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The
speed of light is 3.0 x 108m/s (meters per second) how many years will it take light to
travel 2.6 x 1013 miles to the nearest star?
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35.
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On
October the 21, 1982 the U.S. Bureau of Mint changed the composition of pennies. The new
penny’s composition is 97.6 % Zn and 2.4% copper. If the density of a penny is 8.35 g/mL
and 63.55 grams of copper contains 602,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms, how many atoms of copper
are there in a gallon of pennies?
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