Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Dalton's atomic theory helped to explain the law of conservation of mass because it
stated that atoms a. | could not
combine. | c. | all had the same
mass. | b. | could not be created or
destroyed. | d. | were
invisible. | | | | |
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2.
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Dalton's theory essentially agreed with the present atomic theory EXCEPT for the
statement that a. | all matter is
made up of small particles called atoms. | b. | atoms are not divided in chemical
reactions. | c. | atoms of the same element are chemically
alike. | d. | all atoms of the same element have the same
mass. | | |
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3.
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When
an electrical current passed through a glass tube, a paddle wheel placed between the electrodes
moved. Scientists concluded that a. | a magnetic field was produced. | b. | particles were
passing from the cathode to the anode. | c. | there was gas in the tube. | d. | atoms were
indivisible. | | |
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4.
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Rutherford fired positively charged particles at metal foil and concluded that most of
the mass of an atom was a. | in the electrons. | c. | evenly spread throughout the atom. | b. | concentrated in
the nucleus. | d. | in rings around
the atom. | | | | |
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5.
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The
nucleus of an atom has all of the following characteristics EXCEPT that it a. | is positively
charged. | c. | contains nearly
all of the atom's mass. | b. | is very dense. | d. | contains nearly all of the atom's
volume. | | | | |
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6.
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The
smallest unit of an element that can exist either alone or in combination with other such particles
of the same or different elements is the a. | electron. | c. | neutron. | b. | proton. | d. | atom. | | | | |
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7.
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Atoms
of the same element that have different masses are called a. | moles. | c. | nuclides. | b. | isotopes. | d. | neutrons. | | | | |
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8.
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The
average atomic mass of an element depends on both the masses of its isotopes and each
isotope's a. | atomic
number. | c. | relative
abundance. | b. | radioactivity. | d. | mass number. | | | | |
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9.
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Zn-66
(atomic number 30) has a. | 30 neutrons. | c. | 36 neutrons. | b. | 33
neutrons. | d. | 96
neutrons. | | | | |
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10.
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Molar
mass a. | is the mass in
grams of one mole of a substance. | b. | is numerically equal to the average atomic mass of the
element. | c. | both a and b | d. | neither a nor
b | | |
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11.
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The
mass of 1 mol of chromium (atomic mass 51.996 amu) is a. | 12
g. | c. | 51.996
g. | b. | 198
g. | d. | 6.02
´ 1023
g. | | | | |
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12.
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The
mass of a sample containing 3.5 mol of silicon atoms (atomic mass 28.0855 amu) is a. | 28
g. | c. | 72
g. | b. | 35
g. | d. | 98
g. | | | | |
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13.
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A
prospector finds 39.39 g of gold (atomic mass 196.9665 amu). She has a. | 1.20
´ 1023
atoms. | c. | 4.30
´ 1023
atoms. | b. | 2.30 ´ 1023 atoms. | d. | 6.02 ´ 1023 atoms. | | | | |
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14.
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The
distance between two successive peaks on a wave is its a. | frequency. | c. | quantum
number. | b. | wavelength. | d. | velocity. | | | | |
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15.
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A
line spectrum is produced when an electron moves from one energy level a. | to a higher
energy level. | b. | to a lower energy level. | c. | into the
nucleus. | d. | to another position in the same
sublevel. | | |
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16.
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The
Bohr model of the atom was an attempt to explain hydrogen's a. | density. | c. | mass. | b. | flammability. | d. | line-emission spectrum. | | | | |
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17.
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If
electrons in an atom have the lowest possible energies, the atom is in the a. | ground
state. | c. | excited
state. | b. | inert state. | d. | radiation-emitting state. | | | | |
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18.
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According to the Bohr model of the atom, the single electron of a hydrogen atom
circles the nucleus a. | in specific, allowed orbits. | b. | in one fixed
orbit at all times. | c. | at any of an infinite number of distances, depending on its
energy. | d. | counterclockwise. | | |
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19.
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The
change of an atom from an excited state to the ground state always requires a. | absorption of
energy. | c. | release of
visible light. | b. | emission of electromagnetic
radiation. | d. | an increase in
electron energy. | | | | |
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20.
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Which
statement regarding the "gold foil" experiment is false?
a. | It was
performed by Rutherford and his research group early in the 20th
century.
| c. | The alpha
particles were repelled by electrons.
| b. | Most of the alpha particles passed through the foil
undeflected.
| d. | It suggested
the nuclear model of the atom.
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21.
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In
the Rutherford gold foil experiment, the fact that most of the alpha particles were not
deflected as they passed through the gold foil indicates that
a. | the nucleus is
positively charged. | c. | atoms are solid
spheres touching each other in the solid state.
| b. | the atom is
mostly empty space.
| d. | gold is very
dense.
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22.
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Which
response includes all the following statements that are true, and no false
statements?
I. Isotopes of an element differ only in the number of
protons.
II. The number of protons in an atom is its atomic
number.
III. The mass number of an atom is the sum of the number of protons
plus electrons in the atom.
IV. The
volume occupied by the nucleus of an atom represents a large
percentage of the total volume of the
atom.
a. | I and III
| c. | II and IV
| b. | II, III, and
IV
| d. | II
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23.
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The
law of conservation of mass follows from the concept that a. | atoms are
indivisible. | b. | atoms of different elements have different
properties. | c. | matter is composed of atoms. | d. | atoms can be
destroyed in chemical reactions. | | |
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24.
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Which
of the following is NOT part of Dalton's atomic theory? a. | Atoms cannot be
divided, created, or destroyed. | b. | The number of protons in an atom is its atomic
number. | c. | In chemical reactions, atoms are combined, separated, or
rearranged. | d. | All matter is composed of extremely small particles called
atoms. | | |
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25.
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In a
glass tube, electrical current passes from the negative electrode, called the ____, to the other
electrode. a. | cathode | c. | electron | b. | anode | d. | millikan | | | | |
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26.
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The
discovery of the electron resulted from experiments using a. | gold
foil. | c. | neutrons. | b. | cathode rays. | d. | alpha particles. | | | | |
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27.
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The
mass of a neutron is a. | about the same as that of a
proton. | c. | double that of a
proton. | b. | about the same as that of an
electron. | d. | double that of
an electron. | | | | |
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28.
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Most
of the volume of an atom is occupied by the a. | nucleus. | c. | electron cloud. | b. | nuclides. | d. | protons. | | | | |
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29.
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Which
response includes all the following statements that are true, and no false
statements?
I. Isotopes of an element differ only in the number of
protons.
II. The number of protons in an atom is its atomic
number.
III. The mass number of an atom is the sum of the number of protons
plus electrons in the atom.
IV. The
volume occupied by the nucleus of an atom represents a large
percentage of the total volume of the
atom.
a. | I and III
| c. | II and IV
| b. | II, III, and
IV
| d. | II
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30.
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Which
of the responses contains all the statements that are consistent with the Bohr theory of the atom
(and no others)?
I. An electron can remain in a particular orbit as long as
it
continually absorbs radiation
of a definite frequency.
II. The lowest energy orbits are those closest to
the nucleus.
III. An electron can jump from the n= 1 to n=3 by
emitting
radiation of a definite
frequency.
a. | II and III
| c. | I and II
| b. | II
| d. | III
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Short Answer
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31.
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How
has Dalton's theory about atomic particles been modified by modern science?
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32.
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Consider only the following quantum levels for the H
atom.
_____________ n = 5
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n = 4
_____________ n = 3
_____________
n = 2
_____________ n = 1
The emission
spectrum of an excited H atom will consist of transitions between these
levels.
(i) How many emission lines are possible, considering only the
five quantum levels?
above? _____________________
(ii) Photons of
the highest frequency will be emitted in a transition from the level with n
=
____ to the level with the n = _____
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(iii) The emission line having the longest wavelength corresponds to a
transition from the
level with n = ____ to the level with n = _____
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Problem
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33.
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How
many atoms are present in 8.00 mol of chlorine atoms?
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34.
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How
many moles of iron are equivalent to 1.11 ´ 1025 atoms?
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